One had to learn to suffer and not let others see it. As a representative of the Corsican parliament, Carlo travelled to Versailles. There, he saw the splendor of the French court in all its majesty, and he worked to secure Napoleon a scholarship to Brienne, a private academy in France. Napoleon set foot in France for the first time in the winter of , a thin, sallow nine year-old, accustomed to the warmth of the Mediterranean, suddenly alone on the windswept plains of northern France.
He could hardly speak French. He is surrounded by students who are the children of French aristocrats. And they have nothing in common with this little foreigner. And since he is quite proud, he becomes a loner. But he did something quite exceptional. Joseph and Napoleon went to the school in Autun on 1 January , the aim being to perfect their French. Napoleon left Autun on 21 April, stayed for three weeks with M.
His first day was on 15 May Napoleon accompanied by father Berton and four comrades. Lodgings with Mademoiselle Bou, whose cafe had been requisitioned.
He remained there until 12 September Calonne presented his financial plan: creation of a general real estate tax managed by the provincial assemblies, floatation of loans underwritten by a central bank.
Faced with general hostility, Calonne forced to leave office on 9 April. During this second stay in Corsica, he went several times to Bastia. During this time in this marshy region, he falls victim to high fevers.
Educated at military school, he was rapidly promoted and in , was made commander of the French army in Italy, where he forced Austria and its allies to make peace. In , Napoleon conquered Ottoman-ruled Egypt in an attempt to strike at British trade routes with India. He was stranded when his fleet was destroyed by the British at the Battle of the Nile.
France now faced a new coalition - Austria and Russia had allied with Britain. Napoleon returned to Paris where the government was in crisis. In a coup d'etat in November , Napoleon became first consul. In , he was made consul for life and two years later, emperor.
He oversaw the centralisation of government, the creation of the Bank of France, the reinstatement of Roman Catholicism as the state religion and law reform with the Code Napoleon. Napoleon squelched a royalist threat in France, and was then deployed to the Middle East in This was part of an effort to limit British trade with the region. However, his campaign failed in spectacular fashion. As a result of their confidence in seeing France defeated, Austria, Britain, Turkey, and Russia formed a coalition against France.
In , the French were beaten in the Italian peninsula, and were required to surrender most of their territory there. Civil unrest persisted in France as well. In June of , the Jacobins staged a coup and took control of the country. Napoleon returned in October of the same year, and schemed with a member of the new government to perform a second coup, this one placing him and two others in power.
This position had the authority to appoint generals, governors, civil servants, judges, and members of legislative bodies. Napoleon fulfilled the first incarnation of this position, and led economic, social, military, education, legal, and religious reforms, such as reinstituting Roman Catholicism as the state religion. He also oversaw the creation of what would come to be known as Napoleonic code, a set of laws forbidding privileges to be given based on birth, decreed government jobs must be granted to the qualified rather than used as favors, and mandated freedom of religion.
Outside of French borders, he sued and achieved a brief period of European peace. The peace Napoleon achieved was short-lived. France and Britain again began warring again in , and soon after that Austria and Russia returned to the fray.
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