December 8, Chelmno killing center begins operation Chelmno is located about 30 miles northwest of Lodz. It is the first Nazi camp to use poison gas for mass killings.
Victims deported to the camp are forced into gas vans. A tube directs the van's exhaust into the hermetically sealed compartment, which holds between 50 and 70 people. Once the carbon monoxide kills all those locked inside, the van is driven to mass graves and emptied. Three gas vans operate at Chelmno, and at least , people will be killed there by mid-July We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia.
View the list of all donors. Trending keywords:. Featured Content. Tags Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics. On January 20, , 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the implementation of what they called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question.
The mass murder of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators required the coordination and cooperation of governmental agencies throughout Axis-controlled Europe. The SS envisioned that some 11 million Jews, some of them not living on German-controlled territory, would be eradicated as part of the Nazi program. The SS and police had already negotiated agreements with the German Army High Command on the murder of civilians, including Soviet Jews, in the spring of , prior to the invasion of the Soviet Union.
In late September , Hitler had authorized the Reich Railroads to transport German, Austrian, and Czech Jews to locations in German-occupied Poland and the German-occupied Soviet Union, where German authorities would kill the overwhelming majority of them. The "Final Solution" was the code name for the systematic, deliberate, physical annihilation of the European Jews. At some still undetermined time in , Adolf Hitler authorized this European-wide scheme for mass murder.
Heydrich convened the Wannsee Conference. The men at the table did not deliberate whether such a plan should be undertaken, but instead discussed the implementation of a policy decision that had already been made at the highest level of the Nazi regime.
Roosevelt is inaugurated for the second time as president, beginning the second of four terms in the office. His first inauguration, in , had been held in March, but the 20th Amendment, passed later that year, made January 20 the And on January 20, , he capped off his road to country The year-old Hepburn had undergone surgery for colon cancer the previous November.
The daughter of an aristocratic Dutch mother and an English businessman On January 20, , bleachers at a bullring in Sincelejo, Colombia, collapse, resulting in the deaths of people. In addition to Rae Carruth, the pro football player convicted of hiring someone to kill his pregnant girlfriend, was born on January 20, , in Sacramento, California. The campaign was The meeting took place in a large, grand mansion above which Heydrich decided would be his residence one day.
According to records, there was not much discussion as to whether such a policy should be undertaken. The Final Solution had already been agreed and the conference was more or less to give an update or overview of how it would be coordinated. There was no objection and the meeting ran smoothly, lasting only 90 minutes. By the time of the Wannsee Conference in , most participants were actually aware that the Nazi regime had committed mass murder and was continuing to do so in German-occupied areas of the Soviet Union and in Serbia.
Some attendees were told about the Einsatzgruppen SS Death Squad , which were already murdering Jews in occupied territory. Up to this point, around 1. Others were aware of the units of the German army, the SS and police that were ordered to kill Jews as they saw fit.
Therefore, when the Final Solution was presented by Heydrich it was already common knowledge to the Nazi party and subsequently, not one member of the congregation was said to have objected to the murderous policy.
It was indicated by Heydrich that an estimated 11 million European Jews would perish as a result of this policy known as the Final Solution. When speaking about this figure, he included not only Jews which were based in Nazi-controlled mainland Europe but also the United Kingdom and neutral countries such as Switzerland, Ireland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal and European Turkey. In large labour columns, separated by gender, able-bodied Jews will be brought to those regions to build roads, whereby a large number will doubtlessly be lost through natural reduction.
Any final remnant that survives will doubtless consist of the elements most capable of resistance. They must be dealt with appropriately, since, representing the fruit of natural selection, they are to be regarded as the core of a new Jewish revival. Transportation of Jews: As had already been coordinated, the Jewish populations could be forced into small ghettos, which were small suburbs.
In most cases, all the people in these areas would be removed and Jews were put in.
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