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Augmented reality. It's easy to think of the iPod touch as a stripped-down version of the iPhone instead of a souped-up iPod. The iPod touch and iPhone look similar, featuring the same wide touch screen with a sleek black border and single home button. The iPod touch is a little smaller and weighs a little less than the iPhone, partly because the iPhone has a cellular transceiver.
The iPod touch's home screen also looks like the iPhone's, but with fewer icons -- at least, until you start installing new applications. From the home screen, you can get to the iPhone's text-messaging capabilities and collection of mini-applications called widgets. And, of course, you can also use the iPhone as a cellular phone. The iPod touch doesn't share any of these features, but the two devices do have a few things in common, including:. The iPod touch also costs roughly the same amount as an iPhone or an iPod classic, but each of these devices has significantly different features and capabilities.
Here's a run-down of the costs:. In terms of storage space, the iPod touch is comparable to the iPhone and the iPod nano, although it also comes in a 64 GB model. The iPod touch also has far less storage space than the iPod classic, but their prices fall into a similar range.
So when you buy an iPod touch, you won't necessarily get more storage room than on other iPod models. Instead, you'll get WiFi capabilities plus the large touch-sensitive screen and application interface of the iPhone. The thing that sets the iPod touch apart from other iPod models -- other than the latest nano -- is its touch-screen interface. When you touch the screen, the iPod's circuitry detects the presence of your finger.
It keeps track of how many fingers you have on the screen and where you move them. It also gives the iPod touch the capability of running apps -- something even the newest iPod nano can't do. The iPod touch does this using a layer of capacitive material under a protective covering.
You can read How Capacitors Work to learn more about them, but the basic idea involves taking advantage of the electrical properties of the human body. When you touch a capacitive surface, the amount of charge it holds changes.
This is why devices like the iPod touch require you to touch them with your bare skin -- insulating materials like gloves, pens and styluses don't cause the same changes in the capacitive circuitry. Regardless of which method the screen uses, you change the electrical properties of the screen every time you touch it.
The iPod records this change as data, and it uses mathematical algorithms to translate the data into an understanding of where your fingers are. Miniature hard drives can be smaller than 2 inches and fit as much as 80 gigabytes of data, making it extremely easy to store an entire music collection and download several full length motion pictures. On smaller sized units such as the iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle, a different type of storage media called flash memory is used.
This type of storage unit usually holds from 1 to 8 GB of data. The advantage of using flash memory is that it is even smaller than miniature hard drives and extremely thin, allowing an even smaller device to be created. The battery included in most standard iPods is a mah 3. The battery usually lasts between to recharge cycles, which, for some users, can last less than a year before the battery needs to be replaced.
The battery is created this way probably due to the form factor. The only inconvenience is that the user cannot open up the iPod and remove the battery when the battery fails, and it has to be sent back to Apple to be changed.
The Click Wheel is perhaps the most convenient iPod feature. All iPods have a click wheel that makes it extremely easy to browse and find music on the iPod and play it. The click wheel can be described as a touch-sensitive ring.
Using these 4 buttons plus the center button, which is the select button, users can easily control all iPod functions. Transferring audio and video files to an iPod is very easy. It weighs 1. The increased sensitivity allows for a greater number of recorded bits per square inch. The Click Wheel is a section unto itself, and we'll deal with that technology on the next page.
Let's start here with the iPod video display. The display is a 2. It has a xpixel resolution and a 0. The screen is incredibly thin -- just 0. The connectors used in the iPod are miniscule.
Instead of the plastic connectors you find in larger devices, the ends of the wires that connect the various components of the iPod are coated in a film that stiffens them to create a viable input. A "mixed-signal array" is a chip that can deal with both analog and digital data. In the case of the Click Wheel, the controller has to accept analog data generated by the movement of a finger over the surface of the wheel and turn it into digital data the microprocessor can understand.
Let's find out how it does that. The Click Wheel is a touch-sensitive ring that you use to navigate through all of iPod's menus and control all of its features. It provides two ways to input commands: by sliding your finger around the wheel and by pressing buttons located under and in the middle of the wheel. You've got five buttons and five corresponding contacts on the motherboard. When you press, say, the right side of the wheel while you're listening to a song, the wheel pushes down the forward button.
The underside of each rubber button is metal, so pressing it completes the corresponding circuit on the motherboard. The motherboard tells the processor this circuit is complete, and the processor tells the operating system to fast-forward through the song. The Click Wheel's touch-sensitive function lets you move through lists, adjust volume and fast forward through a song by moving your finger around the stationary wheel.
It works a lot like a laptop touchpad. In fact, the company that supplied the Click Wheel for the 4G iPod was Synaptics, most widely known for making laptop touchpads.
For the 5G, Apple created its own proprietary Click Wheel design based on the same capacitive sensing principle as the previous Synaptics-designed Click Wheel. Under the plastic cover of the Click Wheel, there is a membrane embedded with metallic channels. Where the channels intersect, a positional address is created, like coordinates on a graph. At its most basic, a capacitive-sensing system works like this: The system controller supplies an electrical current to the grid.
The metal channels that form the grid are conductors -- they conduct electricity. When another conductor -- say, your finger -- gets close to the grid, the current wants to flow to your finger to complete the circuit. But there's a piece of nonconductive plastic in the way -- the Click Wheel cover.
So the charge builds up at the point of the grid that's closest to your finger. This build-up of an electrical charge between two conductors is called capacitance. The closer the two conductors are without touching, the greater the capacitance. The "sensing" part of the system comes in with the controller.
The Click Wheel controller see above is programmed to measure changes in capacitance. The greater the change in capacitance at any given point, the closer your finger must be to that point.
When the controller detects a certain change in capacitance, it sends a signal to the microprocessor. As you move your finger around the wheel, the charge build-up moves around the wheel with it. Every time the controller senses capacitance at a given point, it sends a signal. That's how the Click Wheel can detect speed of motion -- the faster you move your finger around the wheel, the more compacted the stream of signals it sends out.
And as the microprocessor receives the signals, it performs the corresponding action -- increasing the volume, for instance. When your finger stops moving around the wheel, the controller stops detecting changes in capacitance and stops sending signals, and the microprocessor stops increasing the volume. Now, in discussing the workings of the Click Wheel, a particularly curious HowStuffWorks staffer raised the following question: If your finger controls the Click Wheel because your finger is a conductor, why can't you control the Click Wheel with a paper clip?
What can you use to control the touch-sensitive Click Wheel? Here's an abbreviated list of what we tested:. The yesses are easily explainable -- fruit and flesh can conduct electricity. The no's, however, are a bit more mysterious.
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